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Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [4] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [4] It begins working within ...
They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available. The group followed and has largely superseded another group of pharmaceuticals with similar effects, but a different mode of action, called H 2-receptor antagonists. These drugs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and are generally considered effective. [3]
In general, proton pump inhibitors are well tolerated, and the incidence of short-term adverse effects is relatively low. The range and occurrence of adverse effects are similar for all of the PPIs, though they have been reported more frequently with omeprazole. This may be due to its longer availability and, hence, clinical experience.
Omeprazole was a subject of a patent litigation in the U.S. [66] The invention involved application of two different coatings to a drug in pill form to ensure that the omeprazole did not disintegrate before reaching its intended site of action in stomach. Although the solution by means of two coating was obvious, the patent was found valid ...
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
Ranitidine has 10% of the affinity that cimetidine has to CYP450, so it causes fewer side effects, but other H 2 blockers famotidine and nizatidine have no CYP450 significant interactions. [ 131 ] Ranitidine was introduced in 1981, and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1987. [ 132 ]
Serious side effects may include angioedema, Clostridioides difficile infection, and pneumonia. [11] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe, while safety during breastfeeding is unclear. [3] Esomeprazole is the (S)-(−)-enantiomer (or less specifically the S-isomer) of omeprazole. [11] It works by blocking H + /K +-ATPase in the parietal cells of ...
The side effect profile is similar to that of omeprazole and other commonly used PPIs. [26] The most common side effects include headache, nausea, and diarrhea. [2] Rare side effects include rashes, flu-like symptoms, and infections (including by the gastrointestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile [27]). [26]
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