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Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid.
It was developed in 1953 by Hugh and Leifson to be utilized in microbiology to determine the way a microorganism metabolizes a carbohydrate such as glucose (dextrose). [1] OF-glucose deeps contain glucose as a carbohydrate, peptones, bromothymol blue indicator for Hugh-Leifson's OF medium or phenol red for King's OF medium, and 0.5% agar.
Universal indicator components Indicator Low pH colour Transition pH range High pH colour Thymol blue (first transition) Red 1.2 – 2.8 Yellow Methyl orange: Red 3.2 – 4.4 Yellow Methyl red: Red 4.8 – 6.0 Yellow Bromothymol blue: Yellow 6.0 – 7.6 Blue Thymol blue (second transition) Yellow 8.0 – 9.6 Blue Phenolphthalein: Colourless
Bromothymol blue is the indicator used in the agar, it changes to yellow in case of acid production during fermentation of lactose or changes to deep blue in case of alkalinization. Lactose-positive bacteria build yellow colonies. Bacteria which decarboxylate L-cystine cause an alkaline reaction and build deep blue colonies. [1]
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The increase in pH then causes color change in the bromothymol blue indicator, turning it blue. Under neutral conditions the medium remains a green color. The color change to blue is useful because growth on Simmons' citrate agar is often limited and would be hard to observe if it were not for the color change.
Thymol blue (thymolsulfonephthalein) is a brownish-green or reddish-brown crystalline powder that is used as a pH indicator. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and dilute alkali solutions.
Bromophenol is also used as a colour marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Since bromophenol blue carries a slight negative charge at moderate pH, it will migrate in the same direction as DNA or protein in a gel; the rate at which it migrates varies according to gel density and buffer composition, but in a typical 1% agarose gel in ...
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