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Android Studio was announced on May 16, 2013, at the Google I/O conference. It was in early access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in May 2013, then entered beta stage starting from version 0.8 which was released in June 2014. [11] The first stable build was released in December 2014, starting from version 1.0. [12]
The Android stack [1] The Nexus 4, part of the Google Nexus series, a line of "developer-friendly" devices [2] Android software development is the process by which applications are created for devices running the Android operating system.
Kotlin 1.7 was released in June 2022, including the alpha version of the new Kotlin K2 compiler. [23] Kotlin 1.8 was released in December 2022, 1.8.0 was released on January 11, 2023. [24] Kotlin 1.9 was released in July 2023, 1.9.0 was released on July 6, 2023. [25] Kotlin 2.0 was released in May 2024, 2.0.0 was released on May 21, 2024. [26]
The source code for Android is open-source: it is developed in private by Google, with the source code released publicly when a new version of Android is released. Google publishes most of the code (including network and telephony stacks) under the non-copyleft Apache License version 2.0. which allows modification and redistribution.
Gradle builds on the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven, and introduces a Groovy- and Kotlin-based domain-specific language contrasted with the XML-based project configuration used by Maven. [3] Gradle uses a directed acyclic graph to determine the order in which tasks can be run, through providing dependency management.
APK is analogous to other software packages such as APPX in Microsoft Windows, APP for HarmonyOS or a Debian package in Debian-based operating systems.To make an APK file, a program for Android is first compiled using a tool such as Android Studio [3] or Visual Studio and then all of its parts are packaged into one container file.
Jetpack Compose supports Android 5.0 and later. [6] It uses the Kotlin programming language, and provides a reactive programming model similar to other UI frameworks such as Vue.js and React Native. [2] Compose is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing Android apps and libraries, allowing developers to gradually migrate their apps to ...
Android phones, like this Nexus S running Replicant, allow installation of apps from the Play Store, F-Droid store or directly via APK files. This is a list of notable applications (apps) that run on the Android platform which meet guidelines for free software and open-source software.