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Reversing type (also reversing, knocking-out, reversed type) is a method of typographic printing with black or colored inks, in which the entire surface is printed, except for text elements. [1] Reversing is one of the special cases of printing on a color solid, when the color of the solid is black or colored, and the color of the letters is white.
The RetinalGraph Company was acquired by the Haloid Company in 1935. In 1948 Haloid purchased the rights to produce Chester Carlson's xerographic equipment and in 1958 the firm was reorganized to Haloid Xerox, Inc., which in 1961 was renamed Xerox Corporation. [1] Haloid continued selling RetinalGraph machines into the 1960s.
Yellow dots on white paper, produced by color laser printer (enlarged, dot diameter about 0.1 mm) Printer tracking dots, also known as printer steganography, DocuColor tracking dots, yellow dots, secret dots, or a machine identification code (MIC), is a digital watermark which many color laser printers and photocopiers produce on every printed page that identifies the specific device that was ...
Haloid called the new copier machines "Xerox Machines" and, in 1948, the term Xerox was trademarked. Haloid eventually became Xerox Corporation in 1961. In 1949, Xerox Corporation introduced the first xerographic copier, called the Model A. [ 3 ] Seeing off computing-leader IBM [ 4 ] in the office-copying market, Xerox became so successful that ...
Using letter copying presses, copies could be made up to twenty-four hours after a letter was written, though copies made within a few hours were best. A copying clerk would begin by counting the number of master letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book. Suppose the clerk wanted to copy 20 one-page letters.
Some are mechanical and some are chemical. There is naturally some overlap with printing processes and photographic processes, but the challenge of precisely duplicating business letters, forms, contracts, and other paperwork prompted some unique solutions as well. There were many short-lived inventions along the way.
If done correctly, all letters were of the same height, and a flat surface of type was created. The form was placed in a press and inked, and then printed (an impression made) on paper. [3] Metal type read backwards, from right to left, and a key skill of the compositor was their ability to read this backwards text.
Phototypesetting machines project characters onto film for offset printing. Prior to the advent of phototypesetting, mass-market typesetting typically employed hot metal typesetting – an improvement introduced in the late 19th century to the letterpress printing technique that offered greatly improved typesetting speed and efficiency compared to manual typesetting (where every sort had to be ...