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  2. Piracetam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam

    Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia. [3] [4] [5] Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries.

  3. Monosodium glutamate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate

    Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese in this glutamic acid form. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer with a savory taste that intensifies the umami flavor of food, as naturally occurring ...

  4. Excitotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity

    Glutamate is a prime example of an excitotoxin in the brain, and it is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. [14] During normal conditions, glutamate concentration can be increased up to 1mM in the synaptic cleft, which is rapidly decreased in the lapse of milliseconds. [15]

  5. Glutamate receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_receptor

    Glutamate receptors and impaired regulation (in particular, those resulting in excessive glutamate levels) are also one cause of excitotoxicity (described above), which itself has been implicated or associated with a number of specific neurodegenerative conditions where neural cell death or degradation within the brain occurs over time. [42] [46]

  6. NMDA receptor modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor_modulator

    The first compound studied was glycine which was hypothesized by Daniel Javitt after observation that people with phencyclidine(PCP)-induced psychosis were lacking in glutamate transmission. [1] (PCP is an NMDA receptor antagonist that blocks glutamate.) In giving glycine to people with PCP-induced psychosis a recovery rate was noted.

  7. Over-the-counter drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug

    Over time, often 3–6 years, drugs that prove themselves safe and appropriate as prescription medicines may be switched from prescription to OTC. [ citation needed ] An example of this is diphenhydramine (Benadryl), an anti-histamine which once required a prescription but now is available OTC nearly everywhere.

  8. Disodium glutamate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disodium_glutamate

    Disodium glutamate, abbreviated DSG, (Na 2 C 5 H 7 NO 4) is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. [1] It is used as a flavoring agent to impart umami flavor. Formation

  9. Glutamate (neurotransmitter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_(neurotransmitter)

    Glutamate is a very major constituent of a wide variety of proteins; consequently it is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. [1] Glutamate is formally classified as a non-essential amino acid, because it can be synthesized (in sufficient quantities for health) from α-ketoglutaric acid, which is produced as part of the citric acid cycle by a series of reactions whose ...