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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved durvalumab for certain types of bladder, lung, and biliary tract cancer: [6] [13] [14]. Adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who either have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or have disease progression within twelve months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum ...
Cisplatin is administered intravenously as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g., small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ovarian cancer), lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, [9] and germ cell tumors.
[5] [2] [6] They have minimal side effects due to their localized effect. [1] Topical gels are convenient and easy to apply. [2] [6] The topical mode of action of topical gels is also non-invasive. [1] [6] These favorable factors of topical gels improve patient compliance and tolerability. [1] [2]
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug that works by killing any cells that are dividing. [10] Cancer cells divide rapidly and so are targeted at higher rates by gemcitabine, but many essential cells also divide rapidly, including cells in skin, the scalp, the stomach lining, and bone marrow, resulting in adverse effects. [16]: 265
Oxygen is a potent radiosensitizer, increasing the effectiveness of a given dose of radiation by forming DNA-damaging free radicals. Tumor cells in a hypoxic environment may be as much as 2 to 3 times more resistant to radiation damage than those in a normal oxygen environment. [ 5 ]
The term dosage form may also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent substances, without considering its final configuration as a consumable product (e.g., capsule, patch, etc.). Due to the somewhat ambiguous nature and overlap of these terms within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is ...
2.5–40 mg/day Depo-Provera: Progestogen: IM: 150 mg every 3 mos: Depo-SubQ Provera 104: Progestogen: SC: 104 mg every 3 mos Hydroxyprogesterone caproate: Proluton: Progestogen: IM: 250 mg/wk Dydrogesterone: Duphaston: Progestogen: Oral: 20 mg/day Drospirenone: Slynd: Progestogen: Oral: 3 mg/day Domperidone [d] Motilium: Prolactin releaser ...
However, the modalities can be combined; antibody-drug conjugates combine biologic and cytotoxic mechanisms into one targeted therapy. Another form of targeted therapy involves the use of nanoengineered enzymes to bind to a tumor cell such that the body's natural cell degradation process can digest the cell, effectively eliminating it from the ...