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The Hawaiʻi hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located near the namesake Hawaiian Islands, in the northern Pacific Ocean.One of the best known and intensively studied hotspots in the world, [1] [2] the Hawaii plume is responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, a 6,200-kilometer (3,900 mi) mostly undersea volcanic mountain range.
A chain of volcanoes is created as the lithosphere moves over the source of magma. In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. [1] Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots.
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The first, the main windward Hawaiian islands consist of the eight youngest and easternmost Hawaiian islands. This is the youngest part of the chain and includes volcanoes with ages ranging from 400,000 years [2] to 5.1 million years. [3] The island of Hawaiʻi comprises five volcanoes, of which two (Kilauea and Mauna Loa) are still active.
The Puhahonu volcano (Gardner) would be twice as big as Mauna Loa's based on that research. [5] [f] The Pūhāhonu and West Pūhāhonu volcanoes result from the Hawaii hotspot which is fed by the Hawaiian plume which had a major magmatic flux pulse at the time. [2] [c] A longer magmatic flux pulse produced the Hawaiian Islands.
The Musicians Seamounts lie in the north-central Pacific, [3] [4] north of the Hawaiian Ridge north and northwest of Necker Island, [5] extending over a length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi). [6] The seamounts were formerly known as the North Hawaiian Seamounts, [ 7 ] or the North Hawaiian Seamount Range [ 8 ] and were among the first submarine ...
The Big Island of Hawaii's Volcanoes National Park put on quite a show this weekend. A lava lake created by Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano caused the collapse of a crater wall and a subsequent fiery ...
Like all Hawaiian volcanoes, Mauna Loa was created as the Pacific tectonic plate moved over the Hawaii hotspot in the Earth's underlying mantle. [10] The Hawaii island volcanoes are the most recent evidence of this process that, over 70 million years, has created the 3,700 mi (6,000 km)-long Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain. [11]