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Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C 4 H 9 OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.
ethanol, mainly for alcoholic beverages, fuel additive, solvent, and to sterilize hospital instruments. [26] 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and isobutyl alcohol for use as a solvent and precursor to solvents; C6–C11 alcohols used for plasticizers, e.g. in polyvinylchloride; fatty alcohol (C12–C18), precursors to detergents
Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD 50 is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). [6]Several explosions have been reported [7] [8] [9] during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation).
The 3-carbon alcohol, propanol (C 3 H 7 OH), is not often used as a direct fuel source for petrol engines (unlike ethanol, methanol and butanol), with most being directed into use as a solvent. However, it is used as a source of hydrogen in some types of fuel cell; it can generate a higher voltage than methanol, which is the fuel of choice for ...
For example, N,N,N ′-Tributylpentanamidine is a switchable solvent, and for a volumetric ratio of compound to water of 2:1, it has a log(K ow)= 5.99, which is higher than 2.5. Ionic liquids [ 55 ] with low melting points are associated with asymmetric cations, and liquids with high melting point are associated with symmetric cations.
Due to their hazardous nature and environmental threat of damaging pollution — persistent organic pollutants from aromatic organic compounds that are resistant to degradation are often found in wastewater with poor handling and disposal resulting in them seeping into groundwater, contaminating public water supplies [16] [17] — so in recent ...
C 4 H 10 O 2: dimethoxyethane: 110-71-4 (CH 3) 2 NC(O)H: dimethylformamide: 68-12-2 C 2 H 8 N 2: 1,1-dimethylhydrazine: 57-14-7 C 2 H 8 N 2: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine: 540-73-8 (CH 3) 2 SO: dimethyl sulfoxide: 67-68-5 C 4 H 8 O 2: 1,4-Dioxane: 123-91-1 C 2 H 6 O: ethanol: 64-17-5 CH 3 CH 2 NH 2: ethylamine: 75-04-7 C 2 H 6 O 2: ethylene glycol: 107 ...