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Political landscape is a set of hierarchies that link the political players together. In other words, political landscape is what defines relationships between colleagues at a given time. Drafting of this landscape begins with the leaders of the organization influencing the formal hierarchy ; which defines the reporting structure and indicates ...
In business analysis, PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological) is a framework of external macro-environmental factors used in strategic management and market research. PEST analysis was developed in 1967 by Francis Aguilar as an environmental scanning framework for businesses to understand the external conditions and ...
Clientelism or client politics is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. [1] [2] [3] It is closely related to patronage politics and vote buying. [4] Clientelism involves an asymmetric relationship between groups of political actors described as patrons, brokers, and clients.
Arguably the father of American political administration, Wilson, in his essay 'The Study of Administration', suggested that in order to have objectivity and progress, the administration must be separate from politics ... The political/administration dichotomy aimed to separate the power between political leaders and the merit-based appointment ...
Macro-level political risk looks at non-project specific risks. Macro political risks affect all participants in a given country. [10] A common misconception is that macro-level political risk only looks at country-level political risk; however, the coupling of local, national, and regional political events often means that events at the local level may have follow-on effects for stakeholders ...
For example, in U.S. politics, the effect of ethnic groups and gender has a great influence on the political outcomes. Hispanic Americans have a profound social impact on the political outcome of their vote and are emerging as a strong up-and-coming political force.
The Journal of Economic Literature classification codes associate political economy with three sub-areas: (1) the role of government and/or class and power relationships in resource allocation for each type of economic system; [15] (2) international political economy, which studies the economic impacts of international relations; [16] and (3 ...
These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state power and elevate the influence of transnational non-state actors. [3] [4] These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence. [5]