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Mayan cross and circle boards have been found on stones from the 7th century AD. [5] Although frequently encountered among the native tribes of North America (particularly as a "quartered circle" design) these boards were not made of durable materials, so generally the writings and collections of European-Americans constitute their earliest ...
However, the term "cross and circle" is typically widened to include boards that replace the circle with a square, and cruciform boards that collapse the circle onto the cross; all three types are topologically equivalent. The Indian game Pachisi and its many descendants are perhaps the most well-known of all cross and circle games. [1]
Several board games from the Far East, Europe and the Americas are played on boards featuring a circle and two perpendicular diameters, along which some markers are moved. The most familiar games in this group are Ludo and Parcheesi, where the circle has been collapsed onto the cross.
The word cross is recorded in 11th-century Old English as cros, exclusively for the instrument of Christ's crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word rood.The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from Old Irish, possibly via Old Norse, ultimately from the Latin crux (or its accusative crucem and its genitive crucis), "stake, cross".
Novgorod Cross. The Novgorod cross is a type of cross which combines two geometric shapes - cross and circle. It is sometimes considered a variation of the Cross pattée. Often the ends of the cross are completely inscribed in a circle. [1] It is visually similar to the Celtic cross but originated in Eastern Europe rather than the British Isles
The ringed cross is a class of Christian cross symbols featuring a ring or nimbus. The concept exists in many variants and dates to early in the history of Christianity . One variant, the cruciform halo , is a special type of halo placed behind the head of Jesus in Christian art .
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