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Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS), also written cerebral salt wasting syndrome, is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to injury (trauma) or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. In this condition, the kidney is functioning normally but excreting excessive sodium. [1]
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) also presents with hyponatremia, there are signs of dehydration for which reason the management is diametrically opposed to SIADH. Importantly CSWS can be associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) which may require fluid supplementation rather than restriction to prevent brain damage.
Signs and symptoms of psychogenic polydipsia include: [3] Excessive thirst and xerostomia, leading to overconsumption of water; Hyponatraemia, causing headache, muscular weakness, twitching, confusion, vomiting, irritability etc., although this is only seen in 20–30% of cases.
The lack of clinician awareness of the signs -symptoms and ailments- of a CSF leak is the greatest challenge to proper diagnosis and treatment, in particular: the loss of the orthostatic characteristic of headache and that every chronic CSF leaker will have a unique symptom set that as a whole contributes to the underlying condition, and ...
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Severity of symptoms is directly correlated with severity of hyponatremia and rapidness of onset. [3] General symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, confusion, agitation, and weakness. [14] [3] More concerning symptoms involve the central nervous system and include seizures, coma, and death due to brain herniation.
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord; Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (In subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, the "combined" refers to the fact that the dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts are both affected, in contrast to tabes dorsalis which is selective for the dorsal columns.)
It can be classified by the part of the spine affected into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar stenosis. [2] Lumbar stenosis is the most common, followed by cervical stenosis. [2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and medical imaging. [4] Treatment may involve medications, bracing, or surgery. [6]