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This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z). Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
Metallic elements (7 C, 4 P) F. Fictional characters with metal abilities (40 P) Fictional metals (12 P) H. ... Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals;
Atomic number: (applies to individual atoms or pure elements) the number of protons in each nucleus; Relative atomic mass, a.k.a. atomic weight: (applies to individual isotopes or specific mixtures of isotopes of a given element) (no units) Standard atomic weight: the average relative atomic mass of a typical sample of the element (no units)
The atoms in metals have a strong attractive force between them. Much energy is required to overcome it. Therefore, metals often have high boiling points, with tungsten (5828 K) being extremely high. A remarkable exception is the elements of the zinc group: Zn, Cd, and Hg.
The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and other forms of matter are held together by chemical bonds, which determine the structure and properties of matter. All bonds can be described by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplified rules and other theories allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. [4]
The synthetic elements are those with atomic numbers 95–118, as shown in purple on the accompanying periodic table: [1] these 24 elements were first created between 1944 and 2010. The mechanism for the creation of a synthetic element is to force additional protons into the nucleus of an element with an atomic number lower than 95.
Group 3 is the first group of transition metals in the periodic table.This group is closely related to the rare-earth elements.It contains the four elements scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), and lawrencium (Lr).
Group 4 is the second group of transition metals in the periodic table. It contains only the four elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). The group is also called the titanium group or titanium family after its lightest member.