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Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). [1] Amenorrhoea is a symptom with many potential causes. [2] Primary amenorrhea is defined as an absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 with no menarche or normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 15 years ...
It is in fact possible to restore ovulation using appropriate medication, and ovulation is successfully restored in approximately 90% of cases. The first step is the diagnosis of anovulation. The identification of anovulation is not easy; contrary to what is commonly believed, women undergoing anovulation still have (more or less) regular periods.
While the normal human menstrual cycle typically lasts 4 weeks (28 days, range 24–35 days) and consists of a follicular phase, ovulation, and a luteal phase followed by either menstruation or pregnancy, the anovulatory cycle has cycle lengths of varying degrees.
Disorders of ovulation include oligoovulation and anovulation: [14] Anovulation is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post- menarchal , premenopausal woman). [ 15 ] Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding.
Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the ...
Without ovulation, she may enter interestrus, which is the combined stages of diestrus and anestrus, before reentering estrus. With the induction of ovulation, the female becomes pregnant or undergoes a non-pregnant luteal phase, also known as pseudopregnancy. Cats are polyestrous but experience a seasonal anestrus in autumn and late winter. [19]
Pregnancy can result in up to 25% of the user population per year for users of the symptoms-based or calendar-based methods, depending on the method used and how carefully it was practised. Natural family planning has shown very weak and contradictory results in pre-selecting the sex of a child, with the exception of a Nigerian study at odds ...
When used to avoid pregnancy, the standard days method has been estimated [22] to have perfect-use efficacy of 95% and typical-use efficacy of 88%. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] These figures are based on a 2002 study in Bolivia, Peru, and the Philippines of women of reproductive age having menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days, [ 20 ] [ 23 ] : 505 and on a ...