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The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. [1] It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).
One of the best attested rulers of the 13th Dynasty, Neferhotep I reigned for 11 years according to the Turin King List. [11] The grandson of a non-royal townsman from a Theban family with a military background, Neferhotep I's relation to his predecessor Sobekhotep III is unclear and he may have usurped the throne.
However, two kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Sobekhotep I and Sonbef, have been speculated to be sons of his based on their shared nomen 'Amenemhat'. [25] If this is the case, Sobekneferu may have taken the throne after Amenemhat IV's death, because she viewed those potential offspring of late king as illegitimate. [26]
Between the 11th and the early 13th centuries, Georgia experienced a political, economical and cultural golden age, as the Bagrationi dynasty managed to unite western and eastern halves of the country into a single kingdom. To accomplish that goal, kings relied much on the prestige of the Church, and enrolled its political support by giving it ...
Philosophers. Aquinas; Dante; Bodin; Bellarmine; Filmer; Hobbes; Bossuet; Maistre; Bonald; Chateaubriand; Novalis; Balzac; Crétineau-Joly; Gogol; Cortés; Balmes ...
13th; 14th; 15th; 16th; 17th; 18th; Pages in category "Pharaohs of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt" The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total.
The death of George V, the last of great kings of unified Georgia, precipitated an irreversible decline of the Kingdom. The following decades were marked by Black Death , which was spread by the nomads, as well as numerous invasions under the leadership of Tamerlane , who devastated the country's economy, population, and urban centers.
In the latter cases, only an approximate time frame will be given. For example, the Deva dynasty is believed to have ruled during the 12th and 13th centuries AD, but the exact dates are disputed. The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty could differ from its period of rule over a particular realm and/or geographic region.