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In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution.Often called "Article III judges", federal judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade.
The number is roughly 10% of the record 376 judges appointed by Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1989, when the judiciary was much larger, [Note 2] and less than 5% of the number of active federal judges serving as of July 2010. [Note 3] Richard Peters Jr. served for over 36 years, the longest of Washington's appointments.
The president also nominates persons to fill federal judicial vacancies, including federal judges, such as members of the United States courts of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. These nominations require Senate confirmation, and this can provide a major stumbling block for presidents who wish to shape the federal judiciary in a particular ...
The thirteenth is the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit which has nationwide jurisdiction over appeals of certain, specific subject matter, for example, patent law. Congress has authorized 179 judgeships, [ 1 ] though the total number of judges will be higher than 179 because of some judges electing senior status.
As the first president, George Washington appointed the entire federal judiciary. His record of eleven Supreme Court appointments still stands. Ronald Reagan appointed 383 federal judges, more than any other president. Following is a list indicating the number of Article III federal judicial appointments made by each president of the United ...
Separate lists are maintained for active service, during which a judge will normally maintain a full caseload, as well as for total service, combining active service and senior service. The caseload of a senior judge may range from full to inactive. [1] [2] Data on judges' dates of service is maintained by the Federal Judicial Center. [3]
As of February 1, 2025, the United States Senate has confirmed 234 Article III judges nominated by Trump: three associate justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, 54 judges for the United States courts of appeals, 174 judges for the United States district courts, and three judges for the United States Court of International Trade ...
Biden had the most Article III judicial nominees confirmed during a president's first year in office since Ronald Reagan in 1981. [2] Biden appointed the most federal judges during the first two years of any presidency since John F. Kennedy. [3] Biden reached the milestone of 200 federal judicial confirmations on May 22, 2024.