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  2. Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous...

    The universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) takes bytes of data and transmits the individual bits in a sequential fashion. [7] At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. Each UART contains a shift register, which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and parallel forms. Serial ...

  3. Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_synchronous_and...

    Those modems are obsolete, having been replaced by modems which convert asynchronous data to synchronous forms, but similar synchronous telecommunications protocols survive in numerous block-oriented technologies such as the widely used IEEE 802.2 (Ethernet) link-level protocol. USARTs are still sometimes integrated with MCUs.

  4. Automatic baud rate detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_baud_rate_detection

    When start bit length is used to determine the baud rate, it requires the character to be odd since UART sends LSB bit first – this particular bit order scheme is referred to as little-endian. [2] Often symbols 'a' or 'A' (0x61 or 0x41) are used. For example, the MPC8270 SCC tries to detect the length of the UART start bit for autobaud.

  5. 16550 UART - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16550_UART

    The 16550 UART (universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter) is an integrated circuit designed for implementing the interface for serial communications. The corrected -A version was released in 1987 by National Semiconductor . [ 1 ]

  6. USB-to-serial adapter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB-to-serial_adapter

    A USB-to-serial adapter or simply USB adapter is a type of protocol converter that is used for converting USB data signals to and from serial communications standards (serial ports). Most commonly the USB data signals are converted to either RS-232 , RS-485 , RS-422 , or TTL-level UART serial data.

  7. Asynchronous serial communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_serial...

    Asynchronous start-stop is the lower data-link layer used to connect computers to modems for many dial-up Internet access applications, using a second (encapsulating) data link framing protocol such as PPP to create packets made up out of asynchronous serial characters. The most common physical layer interface used is RS-232D.

  8. Intel 8251 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8251

    Intel Corporation, "8251 Programmable Communication Interface", Intel 8080 Microcomputer Systems User's Manual, September 1975, page 5-135 from bitsaver.org in PDF ^ Intel Corporation, "Microcomputer Component: New industrial grade product line answers the demand for high-reliability components to operate in industrial applications.", Intel ...

  9. XMODEM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMODEM

    The packet contained the file creation date and time, filename up to 16 characters, the file size as a 4-byte value, and the name of the program sending the file. [ 8 ] A normal XMODEM implementation would simply discard the packet, the assumption being that the packet number had been corrupted.