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The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3100 BC to 2700 BC. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period.
Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel, Proto-Elamite period, (3100–2900 BC) [18] [19] Proto-Elamite civilization grew up east of the Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plains; it was a combination of the lowlands and the immediate highland areas to the north and east. At least three proto-Elamite states merged to form Elam: Anshan, Awan, and ...
The Proto-Elamite script is an early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform. There are many similarities between the Proto-Elamite tablets and the contemporaneous proto-cuneiform tablets of the Uruk IV period in Mesopotamia. Both writing systems are a relatively isolated phenomenon.
Ebarat I (Old Elamite ia-ab-ra-at), king number 3 in the Shimashki kings list (SKL). He is mentioned in several documents of Third Dynasty of Ur, from year 44 of Šulgi (the earliest) to year 8 of Šu-Sin. Documents show that he ruled at about the same time as Girnamme and at the same time as Tazitta, kings #1 and #2 from the SKL.
The Awan dynasty [a] was the first dynasty of Elam of which very little of anything is known today—appearing at the dawn of recorded history.The dynasty corresponds to the early part of the first Paleo-Elamite period (dated to c. 2400 – c. 2015 BC); additionally, succeeded by the Shimashki (c. 2200 – c. 1980 BC) and Sukkalmah dynasties (c. 1980 – c. 1450 BC).
During this time, Susa was under Elamite control, but Akkadian-speaking Mesopotamian states such as Larsa and Isin continually tried to retake the city. Notable Sukkalmah dynasty rulers in Elam during this time include Suruhduh/Siruk-tuh/Sirukdukh (c. 1850), who entered into various military coalitions to contain the power of the south ...
Shqip; Simple English ... Proto-Elamite: 3200–2700: Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua: c. 3100-675: Elam: 2700–539: ... Others simply voluntarily refused to live under ...
In the late 4th millennium BC IVC period strata (comparable with levels 14–16 at Susa) a large Proto-Elamite monumental building, occupied for less than a century, was constructed which covered most of the top of the mound. The design was similar to other Proto-Elamite sites and to the Uruk site at Habuba Kabira in Syria. Construction used a ...