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Feature standardization makes the values of each feature in the data have zero-mean (when subtracting the mean in the numerator) and unit-variance. This method is widely used for normalization in many machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machines , logistic regression , and artificial neural networks ).
In statistics, a power transform is a family of functions applied to create a monotonic transformation of data using power functions.It is a data transformation technique used to stabilize variance, make the data more normal distribution-like, improve the validity of measures of association (such as the Pearson correlation between variables), and for other data stabilization procedures.
The formal definition of an arithmetic shift, from Federal Standard 1037C is that it is: . A shift, applied to the representation of a number in a fixed radix numeration system and in a fixed-point representation system, and in which only the characters representing the fixed-point part of the number are moved.
In statistics and signal processing, step detection (also known as step smoothing, step filtering, shift detection, jump detection or edge detection) is the process of finding abrupt changes (steps, jumps, shifts) in the mean level of a time series or signal.
Mean shift is a non-parametric feature-space mathematical analysis technique for locating the maxima of a density function, a so-called mode-seeking algorithm. [1] Application domains include cluster analysis in computer vision and image processing .
The shift operator acting on functions of a real variable is a unitary operator on (). In both cases, the (left) shift operator satisfies the following commutation relation with the Fourier transform: F T t = M t F , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}T^{t}=M^{t}{\mathcal {F}},} where M t is the multiplication operator by exp( itx ) .
The value a is an appropriately chosen value that should be relatively prime to W; it should be large, [clarification needed] and its binary representation a random mix [clarification needed] of 1s and 0s. An important practical special case occurs when W = 2 w and M = 2 m are powers of 2 and w is the machine word size.
In mathematics, a shift matrix is a binary matrix with ones only on the superdiagonal or subdiagonal, and zeroes elsewhere. A shift matrix U with ones on the superdiagonal is an upper shift matrix. The alternative subdiagonal matrix L is unsurprisingly known as a lower shift matrix. The (i, j )th component of U and L are