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"Passive-aggressive behavior is an indirect and passive form of communication, which can either be verbal or nonverbal," says Dr. Robert Yeilding, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist. "The passive ...
Assertive communication is the halfway point between passive communication and aggressive communication. [7] Assertive communication is based on the belief that each individual is responsible for their problems; therefore, they are responsible for directly communicating these problems to the other parties involved. [6]
Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [1] [2] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [2]
An individual may employ an assertive communication if others' actions threaten one's boundaries, one communicates this to prevent escalation. [10] In contrast, "aggressive communication" judges, threatens, lies, breaks confidences, stonewalls, and violates others' boundaries. At the opposite end of the dialectic is "passive communication".
Instead of being honest and direct, and discussing those feelings, you resort to passive-aggressive behaviors as a way to punish or impede the other person. It can happen in any type of ...
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Active–passive [19] Aggressive acts can take any possible combination of these three dichotomies. For example, failing to deny false rumors about a coworker would be classified as verbal–passive–indirect. Purposely avoiding the presence of a coworker you know is searching for your assistance could be considered physical–passive–direct.
Passive–aggressive personality disorder, also called negativistic personality disorder, [1] [2] is characterized by procrastination, covert obstructionism, inefficiency, and stubbornness. The DSM-5 no longer uses this phrase or label, and it is not one of the ten listed specific personality disorders.