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British foreign policy in the Middle East has involved multiple considerations, particularly over the last two and a half centuries. These included maintaining access to British India, blocking Russian or French threats to that access, protecting the Suez Canal, supporting the declining Ottoman Empire against Russian threats, guaranteeing an oil supply after 1900 from Middle East fields ...
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist.She spent much of her life exploring and mapping the Middle East, and became highly influential to British imperial policy-making as an Arabist due to her knowledge and contacts built up through extensive travels.
The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the first and second empires, [64] in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. [65]
Britain's involvement in this became one of the most controversial parts of its Empire's history and damaged its reputation in the Middle East for generations. [xxxviii] According to historian Elizabeth Monroe: "measured by British interests alone, [the declaration was] one of the greatest mistakes in [its] imperial history."
The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet.The two colonial empires used military interventions and diplomatic negotiations to acquire and redefine territories in Central and South Asia.
British Residency of the Persian Gulf headquarters in Bushehr in 1902.. The Persian Gulf Residency (Arabic: المقيمية السياسية البريطانية في الخليج الفارسي [citation needed]) was a subdivision of the British Empire from 1822 until 1971, whereby the United Kingdom maintained varying degrees of political and economic control over several states in the ...
The fourth British Empire, meanwhile, is used to denote Britain's rejuvenated imperial focus on Africa and South-East Asia following the Second World War and the independence in 1947–48 of Britain's South Asian dependencies, when the Empire became a vital crutch in Britain's economic recovery. [61]
The Sinai and Palestine campaign was part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, taking place between January 1915 and October 1918.The British Empire, the French Third Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy fought alongside the Arab Revolt in opposition to the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.