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Talaromyces marneffei, formerly called Penicillium marneffei, [1] was identified in 1956. [2] The organism is endemic to southeast Asia, where it is an important cause of opportunistic infections in those with HIV/AIDS-related immunodeficiency. Incidence of T. marneffei infections has increased due to a rise in HIV infection rates in the region ...
Penicillium marneffei, [1] penicilliosis [2] or penicillosis [3] Specialty: Infectious diseases: Symptoms: skin lesions, fever, anaemia, large lymph glands, large liver. [2] Sometimes none. [4] Causes: Talaromyces marneffei [1] Risk factors: HIV/AIDS, long-term steroids, organ transplant, old age, malnutrition [4] Diagnostic method
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, non-typhoidal salmonella, cytomegalovirus, Penicillium marneffei, and varicella zoster virus are some of the pathogens that can cause infections in patients with this illness. Symptoms vary depending on the infection(s) present in each individual. [1]
An example is Talaromyces marneffei, [3] a human pathogen that grows as a mold at room temperature, and as a yeast at human body temperature. The term dimorphic is commonly used for fungi that can grow both as yeast and filamentous cells, however many of these dimorphic fungi actually can grow in more than these two forms.
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
Aspergillus fumigatus, is a heterothallic fungus. [7] It is one of the most common Aspergillus species to cause disease in humans with an immunodeficiency. A. fumigatus, is widespread in nature, and is typically found in soil and decaying organic matter, such as compost heaps, where it plays an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling.
For example, the incidence of tuberculosis in patients with advanced illness is high in Taiwan (24.6%) and the rate of endemic fungal (Penicillium marneffei) infections is increasing. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] On the positive side, the effort by the Taiwanese Government since April 1997, to distribute highly-active antiretroviral therapy for free [ 19 ...