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A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational. Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. [1]
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]
Cognitive bias mitigation and cognitive bias modification are forms of debiasing specifically applicable to cognitive biases and their effects. Reference class forecasting is a method for systematically debiasing estimates and decisions, based on what Daniel Kahneman has dubbed the outside view .
The gratitude trap is a type of cognitive distortion that typically arises from misunderstandings regarding the nature or practice of gratitude. It is closely related to fallacies such as emotional reasoning and the "fallacy of change" identified by psychologists and psychotherapists such as John M. Grohol, Peter Ledden, and others. [1]
This lends to the necessity of cognitive therapy, especially for couples, so as to lessen some of these thoughts. [14] Some sources have also referenced this phenomenon in counseling, as one of the cognitive distortions proposed by Beck. [15] Among others, arbitrary inference is one of the distortions that causes a person to misrepresent or ...
Therefore, distortion is a problem which may be solved by cognitive reframing. Yet another major distinguishing feature between cognitive reframing and cognitive restructuring is awareness. Cognitive reframing can happen subconsciously, while cognitive restructuring, something usually done under the guidance of a therapist, is conscious. [6]
Both SARA and RAFT descriptions include a memory trace impairment or cognitive distortion that is caused by the feedback of information and reconstruction of memory. CMT is a non-formal theory based on work by many researchers to create a collaborative process model for hindsight bias that involves event outcomes. [22]
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including: