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Each bunch contains 2.2 × 10 8 lead ions, which are accelerated from 4.2 MeV per nucleon to 72 MeV per nucleon [7] before passing them through to the PS for storage. The most important function of LEIR is not acceleration, but electron cooling to reduce the emittance of the ion beam in order to maintain high luminosity of the final LHC beam.
Bunches of usually a few 10 9 antiprotons are skimmed off the AA and then decelerated by the PS from 3.5 GeV/c to 0.6 GeV/c. [5] [6] The bunch was transferred to LEAR where it could be decelerated to a minimum 100 MeV/c or accelerated to generally 1000 MeV/c. [5] For most experiments, a "beam stretcher mode" was used, where an ultra-slow ...
The process started with protons from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN being fired in pulses at a carbon target to produce pions and kaons. These particles decay to produce muons and neutrinos. [1] The beam from CERN was stopped on 3 December 2012, [2] ending data taking, but the analysis of the collected data has continued.
The clocks at CERN and LNGS had to be in sync, and for this the researchers used high-quality GPS receivers, backed up with atomic clocks, at both places. This system timestamped both the proton pulse and the detected neutrinos to a claimed accuracy of 2.3 nanoseconds. But the timestamp could not be read like a clock.
The final output beam has a momentum of 0.1 GeV/c (kinetic energy equal to 5.3 MeV). These antiprotons move with the speed of about one-tenth that of light. [1] [3] [7] But the experiments need much lower energy beams (3 to 5 KeV). So the antiprotons are again decelerated to ~5 KeV, using the degrader foils.
A CERN spokesperson, Arnaud Marsollier, told BI that Russia's 4.5% budget contribution to CERN's experiments, about $2.7 million, was now covered by "other institutes."
[3] [4] The first beam circulated ELENA on 18 November 2016. [5] The ring is expected to be fully operational by the end of the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in 2021. GBAR experiment (AD-7) was the first experiment to use a beam from ELENA, with the rest of the AD experiments following suit after LS2 when beam transfer lines from ELENA will have been ...
As the cross-section for Z production at ~600 GeV is ~1,6 nb, and the fraction of + decay is ~3%, a luminosity of L=2,5 · 10 29 cm −2 s −1 would give an event rate of ~1 per day. [3] To achieve such luminosity one would need an antiproton source capable of producing ~3·10 10 antiprotons each day, distributed in a few bunches with angular ...