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Byzantium (/ b ɪ ˈ z æ n t i ə m,-ʃ ə m /) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today.
One tradition holds that the city was founded by the Argives who received an oracle at Delphi with reference to the Golden Horn. [1] Another claims Megarians (led by Byzas) are the founders, and yet another says Byzas is the son of a local nymph, Semystra .
Thomas Whittemore (January 2, 1871 – June 8, 1950) was an American scholar and archaeologist who founded the Byzantine Institute of America. His close personal relationship with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , founder and the first president of the Turkish Republic , enabled him to gain permission from the Turkish government to start the ...
The Byzantine Empire's history is generally periodised from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. From the 3rd to 6th centuries, the Greek East and Latin West of the Roman Empire gradually diverged, marked by Diocletian's (r. 284–305) formal partition of its administration in 285, [1] the establishment of an eastern capital in Constantinople by Constantine I in 330, [n ...
1189–1190: Byzantine–Holy Roman Empire conflict during the Third Crusade: a short small-scale war from August 1189 to early 1190 due to a breakdown in diplomatic relations between Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, who was passing through Byzantine lands to Jerusalem with his crusader army
Painting of Emperor Basil II in triumphal garb, exemplifying the imperial crown and royal power handed down by Christ and the angels.. Throughout the fifth century, Hellenistic political systems, philosophies, and theocratic Christian-Eastern concepts had gained power in the Greek-speaking Eastern Mediterranean due to the intervention of important religious figures there such as Eusebius of ...
The vassals are the Kingdom of Lazica and the Abasgians (top), and the Ghassanids (east). This was the Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire: Byzantine Empire (or Byzantium) – the Constantinople-centred Roman Empire of the Middle Ages.
In contrast, the war in the east against the Sassanids continued with mixed results. In 351, having difficulty managing the empire alone, Constantius elevated his cousin Constantius Gallus to the subordinate rank of caesar , but had him executed three years later after receiving scathing reports of his violent and corrupt nature.