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Maintaining seizure control is crucial throughout the pregnancy of a person with epilepsy, including during labor and delivery. Tonic-clonic seizures or any type of seizure with impaired awareness can result in falls or car wrecks, leading to multiple complications in obstetric patients, including: Placental abruption; Internal hemorrhage
While trying to conceive a child and during pregnancy, medical advice should be followed to optimize the management of the person's epilepsy in order to keep the person and the unborn baby safe from epileptic seizures and also ensure that the risk of birth defects due to in utero exposure of anticonvulsants is as low as possible.
The use of valproate for migraine or bipolar disorder during pregnancy is contraindicated in the European Union, Australia, [25] New Zealand, [26] the UK [27] and the United States, and the medicines are not recommended for epilepsy during pregnancy unless there is no other effective treatment available. [28]
Pregnancy does not seem to change seizure frequency very much. [188] When seizures happen, however, they can cause some pregnancy complications, such as pre-term births or the babies being smaller than usual when they are born. [188] All pregnancies have a risk of birth defects, e.g., due to smoking during pregnancy. [188]
Valproate is known to cause serious abnormalities or birth defects in the unborn child if taken during pregnancy, [7] [8] and is contra-indicated for women of childbearing age unless the drug is essential to their medical condition and the person is also prescribed a contraceptive.
Infections of newborns that occur while before or during birth, such as herpes simplex virus, rubella, and cytomegalovirus, all carry a risk of causing epilepsy. [33] Infection with the pork tapeworm , which can cause neurocysticercosis , is the cause of up to half of epilepsy cases in areas of the world where the parasite is common.
Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [3] [5] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures. [6] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments. [7] [5] It is taken by ...
Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. It may also be called congenital hydantoin syndrome, [1] fetal hydantoin syndrome, dilantin embryopathy, or phenytoin embryopathy. Association with EPHX1 has been suggested. [2]
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