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Peptide hydrogel formation shown by the inverted vial method. A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous and permeable solids and at least 10% of water or other interstitial fluid. [1] [2] The solid phase is a water insoluble three dimensional network of polymers, having absorbed a large amount of water or biological fluids.
The schematic summary of the production method. To produce hydrogel fiber, the solidification of the pregel solution is the most important step. The pregel solution needs to be solidified while maintaining its fibrous shape. To achieve this, several methods based on chemical crosslinking, phase change, rheological property change have been ...
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
The kinetic and statistical methods model gel formation with different mathematical approaches. As of 2014 [update] most researchers used statistical methods, as the equations derived thereby are less cumbersome and contain variables to which specific physical meanings can be attached, thus aiding in the analysis of gel formation theory. [ 5 ]
For example, Makhmalzadeh et al. proposed an ultrasound-triggered drug delivery method involving the use of thermo-responsive hydrogels loaded with silibinin, a cancer drug for treating melanoma. [ 16 ] [ 41 ] At low temperatures, these thermo-responsive hydrogels exist in liquid form but following ultrasonication, they transition into a gel state.
[2] [10] For example, anionic nanogels with carboxylic acid groups will collapse upon exposure to a pH that is smaller than the pKa of the nanogel polymer. [2] [10] Similarly, cationic nanogels with terminal amino groups will become protonated if the pH of the environment is less than the pKa of the hydrogel.
Some of the most common methods for determining these parameters are colligative property measurements, static light scattering techniques, viscometry, and size exclusion chromatography. Gel permeation chromatography , a type of size exclusion chromatography, is an especially useful technique used to directly determine the molecular weight ...
The migration distance depends on the protein charge, its size and the pore size of the gel. In many cases this method has lower resolution than BN-PAGE, but CN-PAGE offers advantages whenever Coomassie dye would interfere with further analytical techniques, for example it has been described as a very efficient microscale separation technique ...