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The larger-diameter hub was also called a "bell" because of its shape. In use, the spigot of one segment was placed into the socket of the preceding one, and a ring of oakum was forced down into the joint with a caulking iron. Then the remainder of the space in the hub was filled up.
English: In a typical leaded bell-and-spigot joint, the spigot is inserted into the bell of another pipe, yarn or oakum is compressed into the space, then hot lead was poured and also worked into the joint. Installers would typically use a set of tools, with different sized heads, to make sure both the yarn and lead were properly worked into ...
The spigot end will fit inside the bell end of the next pipe section. It is important to know which one of these you are referring to because this will change the desired results of what you are measuring. Measurement should be taken from the bottom of the bell end. This will be the lowest point of the pipe, and also where the water will flow. [6]
In a bell and spigot joint [2] one end of the pipe stick is flared, termed the bell or socket, to enable the opposite end of the next stick, the spigot end, to be inserted to create a joint. The gaps in these joints were stuffed with oakum or yarn to retain molten-lead, which solidified into a waterproof joint.
The oakum swells and seals the joint, the tar in the oakum prevents rot, and the lead keeps the joint physically tight. Oakum present in older cast iron bell/spigot joints may also contain asbestos, requiring special methods for removal. Today, modern methods, such as rubber seals (for example, gaskets or o-rings), are more common. [6]
A pipe support or pipe hanger is a designed element that transfer the load from a pipe to the supporting structures. The load includes the weight of the pipe proper, the content that the pipe carries, all the pipe fittings attached to pipe, and the pipe covering such as insulation. The four main functions of a pipe support are to anchor, guide ...
Spigot and sockets involve a normal pipe end, the spigot, being inserted into the socket or bell of another pipe or fitting with a seal being made between the two within the socket. Normal spigot and socket joints do not allow direct metal to metal contact with all forces being transmitted through the elastomeric seal.
Also, the tortuous S-shaped path the water is forced to follow offers a significant obstruction to the flow. For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in engineering terms, a " gate valve " is preferred.
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