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  2. Formal semantics (natural language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_semantics_(natural...

    A common assumption is that knowing the meaning of a sentence requires knowing its truth conditions, or in other words knowing what the world would have to be like for the sentence to be true. For instance, to know the meaning of the English sentence "Nancy smokes" one has to know that it is true when the person Nancy performs the action of ...

  3. Handwriting exemplar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting_exemplar

    The following are a few examples of pre-determined text passages that have been used to obtain request exemplars. The text may be used exactly as shown here or modified to incorporate specific words or letter combinations that match the text of the questioned document. The London Letter Our London business is good, but Vienna and Berlin are ...

  4. Graphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphology

    Every system of handwriting analysis has its own vocabulary. Even though two or more systems may share the same words, the meanings of those words may be different. The technical meaning of a word used by a handwriting analyst, and the common meaning is not congruent. Resentment, for example, in common usage, means annoyance.

  5. Linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics

    Linguistics is the scientific study of language. [1] [2] [3] The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics ...

  6. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    This process of breaking up sentences into smaller units until fully exhausted is seen in the hierarchical structure of syntax trees. When looking at a tree, a phrasal label, or node, lets us know that the set of substrings below that label behave in a distributionally coherent way. For example, within a sentence (S) a node that bears-the-label ...

  7. Word recognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_recognition

    Parallel letter recognition is the most widely accepted model of word recognition by psychologists today. [3] In this model, all letters within a group are perceived simultaneously for word recognition. In contrast, the serial recognition model proposes that letters are recognized individually, one by one, before being integrated for word ...

  8. Semantic analysis (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_analysis...

    In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings. It also involves removing features specific to particular linguistic and cultural contexts, to the extent that ...

  9. Letter of introduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_of_introduction

    For example, it was best practice to deliver a letter of introduction to the intended recipient with a visiting card, to allow the recipient to reciprocate by calling upon the sender the next day. When Benjamin Franklin served as Ambassador to France (1776–1785) he was besieged by those traveling to America who desired letters of introduction ...