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The Liberty Dollar "base value" was created by Bernard von NotHaus. As of 2009, the base value of the Liberty Dollar was $20 Liberty Dollars to one ounce of silver. [13] At the time the Liberty Dollar operation was closed, one ounce Liberty Dollar gold pieces were denominated $1,000 with a maximum charge of 10% over spot price with membership.
The Liberty Dollar was a commodity-backed private currency created by Bernard von NotHaus and issued between 1998 and 2009. In 2011, von NotHaus was arrested and subsequently convicted on charges of money laundering , mail fraud , wire fraud , counterfeiting , and conspiracy .
The goddess Liberty is portrayed on the Morgan dollar, designed by George T. Morgan, minted between 1878 and 1904 and again in 1921. Liberty dollar may refer to: Liberty dollar (private currency), a private currency produced in the United States Ron Paul dollar, a 2007 coin minted by the same service, NORFED
According to the evidence introduced during his 2011 federal criminal trial in connection with his involvement with the Liberty Dollar, von NotHaus was the founder of an organization named the National Organization for the Repeal of the Federal Reserve and Internal Revenue Code, commonly known as NORFED and known as Liberty Services. The FBI ...
Economic freedom, or economic liberty, refers to the agency of people to make economic decisions. This is a term used in economic and policy debates as well as in the philosophy of economics . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] One approach to economic freedom comes from the liberal tradition emphasizing free markets , free trade , and private property .
Canada's first trade union, the Labourers' Benevolent Association (now International Longshoremen's Association Local 273), formed in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1849. The union was formed when Saint John's longshoremen banded together to lobby for regular pay and a shorter workday. [42] Canadian unionism had early ties with Britain and ...
The North American Union (NAU) is a theoretical economic and political continental union of Canada, Mexico and the United States, the three largest and most populous countries in North America. The concept is loosely based on the European Union , occasionally including a common currency called the amero or the North American Dollar.
Samuelson considered mathematics to be the "natural language" for economists and contributed significantly to the mathematical foundations of economics with his book Foundations of Economic Analysis. [9] He was author of the best-selling economics textbook of all time: Economics: An Introductory Analysis, first published in 1948. [10]