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Several dukes were created under the Empire and under the governments that followed. Under the Ancien régime, from the 16th century onwards, the title of Monsieur le Duc was used to designate the eldest son of the Prince of Condé. Duke Henri de Bourbon, who was a minister in 1723, is particularly well known in history under this name.
Duke of Normandy, peer of France: mightiest vassal of the French crown, later also kings of England. By privilege, they cannot be summoned by the King of France beyond the borders of the duchy of Normandy; King John of England had attempted to invoke this privilege to avoid the summons of Philip Augustus to his court in Paris. Merged into the ...
Family tree of the early dukes of Normandy and Norman kings of England. In the Middle Ages, the duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France. The duchy arose out of a grant of land to the Viking leader Rollo by the French king Charles the Simple in 911. In 924 and again in 933, Normandy was expanded by royal ...
King of England r. 1135–1154, 8th Duke of Normandy r. 1135–1144: Henry V 1081/1086–1125 King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor: Matilda I c. 1102 –1167 Lady of the English "Empress Matilda" Geoffrey Plantagenet 1113–1151 Count of Anjou, 9th Duke of Normandy r. 1144–1150: William III Adelin 1103–1120 Duke of Normandy 1120 in his ...
Duke of Brabant: Isabella 1241–1271: Theobald II 1239–1270 King of Navarre: Henry I the Fat c. 1244 –1274 King of Navarre: Beatrice of Navarre c. 1242 –1295: Hugh IV 1213–1272 Duke of Burgundy: Isabella of Aragon 1248–1271: Philip III 1245–1285 King of France r. 1270–1285: Marie of Brabant 1254–1321: John I c. 1252 –1294 ...
Homage of Edward I of England (kneeling) to Philip IV of France (seated), by Jean Fouquet. As Duke of Aquitaine, Edward was a vassal to the French king. From 1152, the Duchy of Aquitaine was held by the Plantagenets, who also ruled England as independent monarchs and held other territories in France by separate inheritance (see Plantagenet ...
The area was often called a Duchy, and its monarchs were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However, one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county.
Their agnatic descendants, who included the Angevin kings of England, continued to hold the title and territory until King Philip II Augustus seized the region and annexed it to the French crown lands. In 1360, the county was raised to a dukedom becoming known as Duke of Anjou, subsequently leading the Duchy of Anjou.