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Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen [76] associated with nasal sinus cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer. [77] Studies in 2009 and 2010 have also shown a positive correlation between exposure to formaldehyde and the development of leukemia, particularly myeloid ...
A 2011 report in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) lists 65 carcinogens or possible carcinogens: "Our list of hazardous smoke components includes all nine components reported in mainstream cigarette smoke that are known human carcinogens (IARC Group I carcinogens), as well as all nine components that ...
IARC group 1 Carcinogens are substances, chemical mixtures, and exposure circumstances which have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). [1] This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.
Following the EU Biocides Legislation some pressure was brought to reduce the use of formaldehyde. IARC Classes Formaldehyde as a Class 1 Carcinogen . There are alternatives to formaldehyde and phenol-based fluids, but these are technically not preservatives but rather sanitising agents and are not widely accepted.
IARC group 2A agents are substances and exposure circumstances that have been classified as probable carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). [1] This designation is applied when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, as well as sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.
Articles in this category are about agents that are listed in the International Agency for Research on Cancer's corresponding group (List of IARC Group 1 Agents - Carcinogenic to humans), and should contain agents according to the IARC's current published list.
E-cigarettes with higher voltages (5.0 V [220]) can emit carcinogens including formaldehyde at levels comparable to cigarette smoke, [204] while reduced voltages (3.0 V [1]) generate aerosol with levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde roughly 13 and 807-fold less than in cigarette smoke. [216]
The National Toxicology Program of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is mandated to produce a biennial Report on Carcinogens. [37] As of August 2024, the latest edition was the 15th report (2021). [38] It classifies carcinogens into two groups: Known to be a human carcinogen; Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen