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  2. Respiratory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

    The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...

  3. Respiratory tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract

    Details of upper respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract can refer to the parts of the respiratory system lying above the vocal folds, or above the cricoid cartilage. [4] [5] The larynx is sometimes included in both the upper and lower airways. [6] The larynx is also called the voice box and has the associated cartilage that produces sound.

  4. Pharynx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharynx

    Upper respiratory system, with the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx labeled at left. The upper portion of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate. [2] It includes the space between the internal nares and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity.

  5. Carina of trachea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_of_trachea

    Atlas image: lung_carina at the University of Michigan Health System - "Cast of trachea and bronchi, anterior view" (#2) [dead link ‍] "Trachea and carina — tomogram, coronal plane" at SUNY Downstate Medical Center Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine

  6. Lung - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung

    The upper, horizontal fissure, separates the upper from the middle lobe. It begins in the lower oblique fissure near the posterior border of the lung, and, running horizontally forward, cuts the anterior border on a level with the sternal end of the fourth costal cartilage ; on the mediastinal surface it may be traced back to the hilum . [ 1 ]

  7. Zones of the lung - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zones_of_the_lung

    The zones of the lung divide the lung into four vertical regions, based upon the relationship between the pressure in the alveoli (PA), in the arteries (Pa), in the veins (Pv) and the pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi):

  8. Breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing

    The anatomy of a typical mammalian respiratory system, below the structures normally listed among the "upper airways" (the nasal cavities, the pharynx, and larynx), is often described as a respiratory tree or tracheobronchial tree (figure on the left). Larger airways give rise to branches that are slightly narrower, but more numerous than the ...

  9. Control of ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_ventilation

    The upper airway receptors are responsible for reflex responses such as, sneezing, coughing, closure of glottis, and hiccups. The spinal cord reflex responses include the activation of additional respiratory muscles as compensation, gasping response, hypoventilation, and an increase in breathing frequency and volume.

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