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Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
[1] [2] The rash typically starts as small, reddish-purple spots or patches on the lower legs. [3] As the condition progresses, the spots may coalesce into larger, more confluent areas of discoloration. [2] Peak symptoms: The rash usually reaches its peak intensity within 3–4 days after onset.
Studies of patients with lipodermatosclerosis have demonstrated significantly decreased concentrations of cutaneous oxygen associated with decreased capillary density. Capillaries are virtually absent in areas of fibrotic scars, leading to a condition known as atrophie blanche or livedoid vasculopathy.
Schamberg's disease is a skin disorder that causes a discoloration of the lower extremities. [4] It usually occurs in the lower extremities and rarely elsewhere. [4] This condition is caused by leaky blood vessels near the surface of the skin. [7] The cause of the leaky capillaries is usually not known. [7]
Symptoms often include a rash, joint pain, fever, and lymphadenopathy. It is a type of hypersensitivity , specifically immune complex hypersensitivity ( type III ). The term serum sickness–like reaction (SSLR) is occasionally used to refer to similar illnesses that arise from the introduction of certain non-protein substances, such as ...
Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents. [1] Symptoms of contact dermatitis can include itchy or dry skin, a red rash, bumps, blisters, or swelling. These rashes are not contagious or life-threatening, but can be very uncomfortable.
Artificial UV light sources from tanning units and phototherapy treatment units can also trigger PLE. About three-quarters of patients acquire PLE after UV-A exposure only, one-tenth after UV-B exposure only, and the rest after a combination of UV-A and UV-B exposure. [6] People vary in the amount of sun exposure needed to trigger the rash. [15]
Diagnosis is typically based on some combination of symptoms, blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsies. [2] Eighty percent of adults [5] and sixty percent of children with juvenile dermatomyositis have a myositis-specific antibody (MSA). [6] Although no cure for the condition is known, treatments generally improve symptoms. [1]