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Extracurricular activities are normal and required for students in Japan from elementary school up until high school. Most of these activities are under teacher or a responsible adult supervision and guidance. [4] Typically these activities are done either before school hours or after school hours to avoid disrupting normal education flow.
Japan has the highest ratio of public debt to GDP among advanced economies, [173] with a national debt estimated at 248% relative to GDP as of 2022. [174] The Japanese yen is the world's third-largest reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro. [175] Japan was the world's fifth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer in 2022.
Japan's compulsory education ends at grade nine, but less than 2% drop out; 60% of students advanced to senior education as of 1960, increasing rapidly to over 90% by 1980, rising further each year until reaching 98.3% as of 2012.
All Kumon programs are pencil-and-worksheet-based, with a digital program that started in 2023. The worksheets increase in difficulty in small increments. [9] [10] Psychologist Kathy Hirsh-Pasek says that using such techniques for 2 to 12-year-olds "does not give your child a leg up on anything". [7] One study has observed a high percentage of ...
"Information technology is increasingly being used to enhance education, and most schools have access to the Internet." [2] There is a system of educational television and radio, and almost all elementary schools use programs prepared by the School Education Division of Japan's ex Broadcasting Corporation (Nippon Hoso Kyokai—NHK).
In 2014, 26% of Japan's population was estimated to be 65 years or older, [29] and the Health and Welfare Ministry has estimated that over-65s will account for 40% of the population by 2060. [33] The demographic shift in Japan's age profile has triggered concerns about the nation's economic future and the viability of its welfare state. [34]
In particular social studies in Japan is broken down into civics, geography, Japanese history, world history, sociology, and politics/economics. There are a large number of mandatory courses, and a few number of electives. [8] Upper-secondary teachers are university graduates.
These subduction plates pulled Japan eastward and opened the Sea of Japan by back-arc spreading around 15 million years ago. [16] The Strait of Tartary and the Korea Strait opened much later. La Pérouse Strait formed about 60,000 to 11,000 years ago, closing the path used by mammoths, which had earlier moved to northern Hokkaido. [ 48 ]