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Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is the study of word meanings. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes the study of how words structure their meaning, how they act in grammar and compositionality , [ 1 ] and the relationships between the distinct senses and uses of a word.
Nodes generally correspond to lexical and grammatical meanings as these are directly expressed by items in the lexicon or by inflectional means, but the theory allows the option of decomposing meanings into more fine-grained representation via processes of semantic paraphrasing, [3] which are also key to dealing with synonymy and translation ...
In the spectrum theory, at one end "each phonological form is connected to one complex semantic representation", at the opposite end, homonyms and polysemes have their "own semantic representation[s]". [14] The middle of the spectrum contains the theories that "suggest that related senses share a general or core semantic representation". [14]
The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
Generative lexicon (GL) is a theory of linguistic semantics which focuses on the distributed nature of compositionality in natural language.The first major work outlining the framework is James Pustejovsky's 1991 article "The Generative Lexicon". [1]
Semantics studies meaning in language, which is limited to the meaning of linguistic expressions. It concerns how signs are interpreted and what information they contain. An example is the meaning of words provided in dictionary definitions by giving synonymous expressions or paraphrases, like defining the meaning of the term ram as adult male sheep. [22]
This can be explained by models that do not assume a distinct level between the semantic and the phonological stages (and so lack a lemma representation). [3] During the process of language activation, lemma retrieval is the first step in lexical access. In this step, meaning and the syntactic elements of a lexical item are realized as the lemma.
The term was first used in the semantic literature in 1988 by Marc Moens and Mark Steedman, who adopted it due to its "loose analogy with type-coercion in programming languages.” [3] In his written framework of the generative lexicon (a formal compositional approach to lexical semantics), Pustejovsky (1995:111) defines coercion as "a semantic ...