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Xenotransfusion (from Greek xenos-'strange, foreign'), a form of xenotransplantation, was initially defined as the transfer of blood from one species into the veins of another. [1] In most cases, it is a transfer of blood between a non-human animal and a human. However, further experimentation has been done between various non-human animal species.
A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion , which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another.
Thus far, there are no FDA-approved oxygen-carrying blood substitutes, which is the typical objective of a blood (RBC) transfusion. Non-blood volume expanders are available for cases where only volume restoration is required, but a substance with oxygen-carrying capacity would help doctors and surgeons avoid the risks of disease transmission ...
It deals with the concepts and clinical 2 techniques related to modern transfusion therapy. Efforts to save human lives by transfusing blood have been recorded for several centuries. The era of blood transfusion, however, really began when William Harvey described the circulation of blood in 1616.
The indirect Coombs test is used to screen for antibodies in the preparation of blood for blood transfusion. The donor's and recipient's blood must be ABO and Rh D compatible. Donor blood for transfusion is also screened for infections in separate processes. [citation needed] Antibody screening
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2] The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not available or not feasible.
For those with severe forms of thalassemia (thalassemia major, or transfusion-dependent thalassemia), the three principal treatments are red blood cell transfusions to relieve anemia, iron chelation to mitigate the side effects of transfusion, and folic acid supplementation to encourage the growth of new blood cells. [73]
Transfusion-dependent anemia is a form of anemia characterized by the need for continuous blood transfusion. It is a condition that results from various diseases, and is associated with decreased survival rates. [1] [2] Regular transfusion is required to reduce the symptoms of anemia by increasing functional red blood cells and hemoglobin count.