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Polygene. A polygene is a member of a group of non- epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance[1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core ...
Complex traits are also known as polygenic traits and multigenic traits. [1][2] The existence of complex traits, which are far more common than Mendelian traits, represented a significant challenge to the acceptance of Mendel's work. Modern understanding has 3 categories of complex traits: quantitative, meristic, and threshold.
Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be polygenic traits. Polygenic means "many genes" are necessary for the organism to develop the trait. For example, at least three genes are involved in making the reddish-brown pigment in the eyes of fruit flies. Polygenic traits often show a wide range of phenotypes.
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [1][2][3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Polygenic adaptation describes a process in which a population adapts through small changes in allele frequencies at hundreds or thousands of loci. [1] Many traits in humans and other species are highly polygenic, i.e., affected by standing genetic variation at hundreds or thousands of loci. Under normal conditions, the genetic variation ...
Autosomal traits are associated with a single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)—they are called "dominant" because a single copy—inherited from either parent—is enough to cause this trait to appear. This often means that one of the parents must also have the same trait, unless it has arisen due to an unlikely new mutation.
Additive genetic effects occur where expression of more than one gene contributes to phenotype (or where alleles of a heterozygous gene both contribute), and the phenotypic expression of these gene (s) can be said to be the sum of these contributions. Non-additive effects involve dominance or epistasis, and cause outcomes that are not a sum of ...
In evolutionary biology, disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. In this more individuals acquire ...