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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 3 February 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...
In 1939, it expanded beyond the annual conference report and became known as American Journal of Mental Deficiency. From 1987 until 2007, it was titled the American Journal of Mental Retardation, after which it was given its current title. It is focused primarily on scientific and medical studies and reviews.
"Mental retardation" was renamed "intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)".[13]Speech or language disorders are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder (formerly expressive language disorder and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder), speech sound disorder (formerly phonological disorder), childhood-onset fluency disorder (), and a new ...
The study of X-linked mental retardation began in 1943 when Martin and Bell reported a family exhibiting sex-linked mental retardation. [3] However, this syndrome was not recognized until 1991. Wilson studied 14 males from three successive generations that presented hypogonadism, mental retardation, gynecomastia , and short stature, among other ...
Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8), [1] is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85), [2] but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ).
Gujarati-English Gujarati to Gujarati Dictionary. A Sanskrit and Gujarati Dictionary (Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત તથા ગુજરાતી કોશ) Bajirao Tatya Raoji Ranjit (Gujarati: બાજીરાવ તાત્યા રાવજી રણજીત) 1871 Gujarati-Sanskrit: Sārth Gujarātī Joḍaṇīkoś