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William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ ˈ r æ ŋ k ɪ n /; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist.He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on its First Law.
Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (28 April 1831 – 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist and early pioneer in thermodynamics.He is best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Lord Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory.
physicist and mathematician pioneer in seismology: Johann von Lamont: 1805–1879 astronomer Uranus and Saturn moon orbits calculated Arthur Pillans Laurie: 1861–1949 chemist pioneered scientific analysis of paint: Malcolm Laurie: 1866–1932 zoologist specialist in arachnids, especially scorpions: John Leslie: 1766–1832 mathematician ...
Maxwell’s thermodynamic surface is an 1874 sculpture [1] made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). This model provides a three-dimensional space of the various states of a fictitious substance with water-like properties. [2] This plot has coordinates volume (x), entropy (y), and energy (z).
Thermodynamic diagrams usually show a net of five different lines: isobars = lines of constant pressure; isotherms = lines of constant temperature; dry adiabats = lines of constant potential temperature representing the temperature of a rising parcel of dry air
Scots-Irish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854 [2] which stated, "Thermo-dynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies, and the relation of heat to electrical agency."
Similar to the Kelvin scale, which was first proposed in 1848, [1] zero on the Rankine scale is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree (°R or °Ra) is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...