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Pindar (/ ˈ p ɪ n d ər /; Ancient Greek: Πίνδαρος Pindaros; Latin: Pindarus; c. 518 BC – c. 438 BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes.Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved.
Hesiod (/ ˈ h iː s i ə d / HEE-see-əd or / ˈ h ɛ s i ə d / HEH-see-əd; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos; fl. c. 700 BC) was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.
Three of Pindar's poems have Typhon as hundred-headed (as in Hesiod), [16] while apparently a fourth gives him only fifty heads, [17] but a hundred heads for Typhon became standard. [18] A Chalcidian hydria ( c. 540 –530 BC), depicts Typhon as a winged humanoid from the waist up, with two snake tails for legs below . [ 19 ]
Theologians (Theophylact of Ohrid, Euthymios Zigabenos, Nicetas of Thessalonica) wrote commentaries on the Scriptures and classical theological works, philosophers (Eustratius of Nicaea, Michael of Ephesus) commented on Aristotle, while philologists (Eustathius of Thessalonica, John Tzetzes) produced commentaries on Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and ...
In the time of Hesiod, the Fortunate Isles were associated with the concept of Elysium, a utopian location in the Greek underworld thought to be found in the Western ocean on the margin of the known world. [4] [5] The number of the islands would later be reduced to one by the poet Pindar. [5]
The ruler of Elysium varies from author to author: Pindar and Hesiod name Cronus as the ruler, [10] while the poet Homer in the Odyssey describes fair-haired Rhadamanthus dwelling there. [7] [8] [11] [12] "The Isle of the Blessed" is also featured in the 2nd-century comedic novel A True Story by Lucian of Samosata.
Typhon, the "father of all monsters" in Greek mythology, had a hundred snake-heads in Hesiod, [4] or else was a man from the waist up, and a mass of seething vipers from the waist down. Xian: immortal beings in Taoism who were sometimes depicted as humanoids with reptile and human features in the Han Dynasty [5]
The earliest literary accounts of Gorgons occur in works by Hesiod and Homer (c. 700–650 BC). [41] Hesiod provides no physical description of the Gorgons, other than to say that the two Gorgons, Sthenno, and Euryale did not grow old. [42] Homer mentions only "the Gorgon" (otherwise unnamed) giving brief descriptions of her, and her head.