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Wolfgang Franz (born 4 October 1905 in Magdeburg, Germany; died 26 April 1996 [1]) was a German mathematician [2] [3] who specialised in topology particularly in 3-manifolds, which he generalized to higher dimensions. [4]
In point-set topology, Kuratowski's closure-complement problem asks for the largest number of distinct sets obtainable by repeatedly applying the set operations of closure and complement to a given starting subset of a topological space. The answer is 14. This result was first published by Kazimierz Kuratowski in 1922. [1]
In mathematics, general topology (or point set topology) is the branch of topology that deals with the basic set-theoretic definitions and constructions used in topology. It is the foundation of most other branches of topology, including differential topology , geometric topology , and algebraic topology .
Categorical topology: The study of topological categories of structured sets (generalizations of topological spaces, uniform spaces and the various other spaces in topology) and relations between them, culminating in universal topology. General categorical topology study and uses structured sets in a topological category as general topology ...
In mathematics, general topology or point set topology is that branch of topology which studies properties of general topological spaces (which may not have further structure; for example, they may not be manifolds), and structures defined on them.
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A different meaning for topological game, the concept of “topological properties defined by games”, was introduced in the paper of Rastislav Telgársky, [4] and later "spaces defined by topological games"; [5] this approach is based on analogies with matrix games, differential games and statistical games, and defines and studies topological ...
The book is organized historically, and reviewer Robert Bradley divides the topics of the book into three parts. [3] The first part discusses the earlier history of polyhedra, including the works of Pythagoras, Thales, Euclid, and Johannes Kepler, and the discovery by René Descartes of a polyhedral version of the Gauss–Bonnet theorem (later seen to be equivalent to Euler's formula).