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Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes.
Most infections with C. neoformans occur in the lungs, as the fungus enters its host through the respiratory route. [14] Because it is normally a harmless soil fungus, C. neoformans must first adapt to its new environment inside the human body, making several virulent transformations, including the formation of a polysaccharide capsule.
It may also infect organ-transplant recipients and people receiving certain cancer treatments. [9] In its yeast state C. neoformans is found in the droppings of wild birds, often pigeons; when dust of the droppings is stirred up, it can infect humans or pets
Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and in the brain, where it appears as a meningitis. [4] [9] [12] Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. [5]
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. [25] [26] Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of fungus known to cause histoplasmosis, which can present with an array of symptoms, but often involves respiratory infection. [27] [28]
Infecting C. neoformans cells are usually phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the lung. [11] The invading C. neoformans cells may be killed by the release of oxidative and nitrosative molecules by these macrophages. [12] However some C. neoformans cells may survive within the macrophages. [11]
Dec. 10—ROCHESTER — Cris Ross, Mayo Clinic's high-profile information technology chief who managed the $1.5 billion Epic System medical records transition, retired in November. Ross had served ...
Yet, there is an increasing incidence of infections caused by C. glabrata and C. rugosa, which could be because they are frequently less susceptible to the currently used azole-group of antifungals. [25] Other medically important species include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis. [8] and the more recently emerging pathogen C ...