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The reflection effect is an identified pattern of opposite preferences between negative as opposed to positive prospects: people tend to avoid risk when the gamble is between gains, and to seek risks when the gamble is between losses. [18] For example, most people prefer a certain gain of 3,000 to an 80% chance of a gain of 4,000.
Most theoretical analyses of risky choices depict each option as a gamble that can yield various outcomes with different probabilities. [2] Widely accepted risk-aversion theories, including Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Prospect Theory (PT), arrive at risk aversion only indirectly, as a side effect of how outcomes are valued or how probabilities are judged. [3]
The adverse outcome (black) risk difference between the group exposed to the treatment (left) and the group unexposed to the treatment (right) is −0.25 (RD = −0.25, ARR = 0.25).
Loss aversion is a cognitive bias where people fear losses more than they value gains, influencing decision-making.
Relative risk is commonly used to present the results of randomized controlled trials. [5] This can be problematic if the relative risk is presented without the absolute measures, such as absolute risk, or risk difference. [6]
Perry recorded the racy “Peacock” for her 2010 album Teenage Dream.The song is known for featuring obvious innuendos involving the song’s title. (The chorus of the song includes the refrain ...
The spangram describes the puzzle’s theme and touches two opposite sides of the board. It may be two words. The spangram highlights in yellow when found. An example spangram with corresponding ...
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