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The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Indonesian: Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai abbreviated Bea Cukai or DJBC) is an Indonesian government agency under Ministry of Finance that serves the community in the field of customs and excise. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has the duty to organize the formulation and ...
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator , coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.
Comparing air and water, air has vastly lower heat capacity per gram and per volume (4000) and less than a tenth the conductivity, but also much lower viscosity (about 200 times lower: 17.4 × 10 −6 Pa·s for air vs 8.94 × 10 −4 Pa·s for water). Continuing the calculation from two paragraphs above, air cooling needs ten times of the ...
Passenger Vehicle Tax is required to be paid by all owners, the rationale being those fortunate enough to afford a motor vehicle can afford to subsidise their poorer brethren who rely on far less luxurious public transportation. Again, Regional Government legislates the specific definitions regarding this tax.
A car cooler is an automobile evaporative cooler, sometimes referred to as a swamp cooler. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Most are aftermarket relatively inexpensive accessories consisting of an external window-mounted metal cylinder without moving parts, but internal under the dashboard or center floor units with an electric fan are available.
Biermann, A.E. (1941). "The design of fins for air-cooled cylinders" (PDF). Report Nº 726.NACA.; P V Lamarque, "The design of cooling fins for Motorcycle Engines", Report of the Automobile Research Committee, Institution of Automobile Engineers Magazine, March 1943 issue, and also in "The Institution of Automobile Engineers Proceedings, Session 1942-1943, pp 99-134 and 309-312.
Once the coolant absorbs the heat from the engine it continues its flow to the radiator. The radiator transfers heat from the coolant to the passing air. Radiators are also used to cool automatic transmission fluids, air conditioner refrigerant, intake air, and sometimes to cool motor oil or power steering fluid. A radiator is typically mounted ...
Modern engines instead draw air into an airbox, which is connected by individual hoses to each carburetor or directly to the intake ports in fuel-injected engines, thus avoiding an extra intake manifold. [1] The airbox allows the use of one air filter instead of multiples, reducing complexity. Developments arising from concerns about engine ...