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The principal byproduct of the Solvay process is calcium chloride (CaCl 2) in aqueous solution. The process has other waste and byproducts as well. [11] Not all of the limestone that is calcined is converted to quicklime and carbon dioxide (in reaction II); the residual calcium carbonate and other components of the limestone become wastes.
Calcium chloride was apparently discovered in the 15th century but wasn't studied properly until the 18th century. [11] It was historically called "fixed sal ammoniac" (Latin: sal ammoniacum fixum [12]) because it was synthesized during the distillation of ammonium chloride with lime and was nonvolatile (while the former appeared to sublime); in more modern times (18th-19th cc.) it was called ...
Historically a cesium chloride (CsCl) solution was often used, but more commonly used density gradients are sucrose or Percoll.This application requires a solution with high density and yet relatively low viscosity, and CsCl suits it because of its high solubility in water, high density owing to the large mass of Cs, as well as low viscosity and high stability of CsCl solutions.
A chloridometer is a measuring instrument used to determine the concentration of chloride ions (Cl –) in a solution.It uses a process known as coulometric titration or amperostatic coulometry, the accepted electrochemistry reference method to determine the concentration of chloride in biological fluids, including blood serum, blood plasma, urine, sweat, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Colorimetric analysis is a method of determining the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in a solution with the aid of a color reagent.It is applicable to both organic compounds and inorganic compounds and may be used with or without an enzymatic stage.
Note that the shorthand form Na 4−x H x Y can be used to represent any species of EDTA, with x designating the number of acidic protons bonded to the EDTA molecule. EDTA forms an octahedral complex with most 2+ metal cations, M 2+ , in aqueous solution.
6 Ca(OH) 2 + 6 Cl 2 → Ca(ClO 3) 2 + 5 CaCl 2 + 6 H 2 O. This is also the first step of the Liebig process for the manufacture of potassium chlorate. [citation needed] In theory, electrolysis of hot calcium chloride solution will produce the chlorate salt, [citation needed] analogous to the process used for the manufacture of sodium chlorate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure.