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Naismith's rule helps with the planning of a walking or hiking expedition by calculating how long it will take to travel the intended route, including any extra time taken when walking uphill. This rule of thumb was devised by William W. Naismith , a Scottish mountaineer , in 1892.
The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference, currently set by convention at an absolute 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg per minute, which is the energy expended when sitting quietly by a reference individual, chosen ...
Commonly, individuals place some value on their time. Economic theory therefore predicts that value-of-time is a key factor influencing preferred walking speed.. Levine and Norenzayan (1999) measured preferred walking speeds of urban pedestrians in 31 countries and found that walking speed is positively correlated with the country's per capita GDP and purchasing power parity, as well as with a ...
Tobler's hiking function – walking speed vs. slope angle chart. Tobler's hiking function is an exponential function determining the hiking speed, taking into account the slope angle. [1] [2] [3] It was formulated by Waldo Tobler. This function was estimated from empirical data of Eduard Imhof. [4]
HAPE generally develops in the first 2 to 4 days of hiking at altitudes >2,500 meters (8,200 ft), and symptoms seem to worsen most commonly on the second night. [9] Initial symptoms are vague and include shortness of breath, decreased exercise ability, increased recovery time, fatigue, and weakness, especially with walking uphill.
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Aerobic exercise has long been a popular approach to achieving weight loss and physical fitness, often taking a commercial form. In the 1970s, Judi Sheppard Missett helped create the market for commercial aerobics with her Jazzercise program, [ 55 ] at the same time as Jacki Sorensen was expanding her system of aerobic dancing.
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