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Normal serum osmolality ranges from 280 to 290 mOsm/kg and serum osmolality to cause water removal from brain without much side effects ranges from 300 to 320 mOsm/kg. Usually, 90 mL of space is created in the intracranial vault by 1.6% reduction in brain water content. [1] Osmotherapy has cerebral dehydrating effects. [2]
Recovery is reached faster and with fewer side effects than oral iron. [10] Intravenous iron is proven to be very effective for pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia but not necessarily more effective than oral supplements for those with iron deficiency alone. [9] The type of iron supplement used depends on the patient's specific condition.
Intrathecal administration is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal, or into the subarachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cellulite caused by repetitive piercing of skin through intravenous injections. Scabs on the skin. Dark spots on the face and body. Serious tooth decay. Read more on the physical side effects of ...
Side effects include iron overloading, [12] [4] [9] [13] [5] allergic reactions that lead to skin rashes and infections transmitted through transfusion. [ 4 ] [ 12 ] The most common side effect is iron overloading, which the severity of overload depends on the frequency, volume, and the amount of blood transfused to the patient. [ 9 ]
Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. Approximately 35% of patients discontinue the use of gold salts because of these side effects. Kidney function must be monitored continuously while taking gold compounds. [5]
Less-common side effects can include excess air or gas in your stomach, burping, heartburn, indigestion, fast heartbeat, low blood sugar, low energy and fatigue, or even gallstones, Dr. Comite says.
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) refers to the intravenous administration of anesthetic agents to induce a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. The first study of TIVA was done in 1872 using chloral hydrate , [ 1 ] and the common anesthetic agent propofol was licensed in 1986.