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The Ambidextrous Universe is a popular science book by Martin Gardner, covering aspects of symmetry and asymmetry in human culture, science and the wider universe.It culminates in a discussion of whether nature's conservation of parity (the symmetry of mirrored quantum systems) is ever violated, which had been proven experimentally in 1956.
Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is a type of war between belligerents whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly. This type of warfare often, but not necessarily, involves insurgents, terrorist groups, or resistance militias operating within territory mostly controlled by the superior force.
It has tens of thousands of citations, being one of the most influential and cited scientific papers of all time, [6] as it gave rise to the field of information theory, with Scientific American referring to the paper as the "Magna Carta of the Information Age", [7] while the electrical engineer Robert G. Gallager called the paper a "blueprint ...
Communicating sequential processes (CSP), developed by Tony Hoare, is a formal language that arose at a similar time to CCS.; The Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP) was developed by Jan Bergstra and Jan Willem Klop in 1982, and uses an axiomatic approach (in the style of Universal algebra) to reason about a similar class of processes as CCS.
The root system of the exceptional Lie group E 8.Lie groups have many symmetries. Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics.Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations.
Modern armour warfare doctrine was developed and established during the run up to World War II. A fundamental key to conventional Warfare is the concentration of force at a particular point (the [der] Schwerpunkt). Concentration of force increases the chance of victory in a particular engagement.
Note that χ ρ is constant on conjugacy classes, that is, χ ρ (π) = χ ρ (σ −1 πσ) for all permutations σ. Over other fields the situation can become much more complicated. If the field K has characteristic equal to zero or greater than n then by Maschke's theorem the group algebra KS n is semisimple. In these cases the irreducible ...
Burnside's lemma can compute the number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours.. Let X be the set of 3 6 possible face color combinations that can be applied to a fixed cube, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X by moving the colored faces: two colorings in X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is a rotation of the other.