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The pose is unknown in medieval hatha yoga, but is described in Krishnamacharya's 1935 Yoga Makaranda, and taken up by his pupils Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar in their respective schools of yoga. [4]
Upavishthakonasana or "wide-angle seated forward bend" [20] has both legs straight along the ground, as wide apart as possible, with the chin and nose touching the ground. [13] [14] [29] [30] Parsva Upavishthakonasana (to the side) has the body facing one leg, and the hands both grasping the foot of that leg, without raising the opposite hip. [31]
A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on.
Pose implies an artistic, aesthetic, athletic, or spiritual intention of the position. Attitude refers to postures assumed for purpose of imitation, intentional or not, as well as in some standard collocations in reference to some distinguished types of posture: "Freud never assumed a fencer's attitude, yet almost all took him for a swordsman." [2]
The upper arm is raised as high as possible. The upper leg may be rested on the lower leg, or for the full pose (sometimes called Eka Pada Vasisthasana, One-legged Side Plank [5]) may be raised as high as possible; [6] [7] [8] the upper hand may grasp the foot (sometimes called Vasisthasana B), and the gaze may be directed to the upper hand. [1 ...
The pose is entered from Tadasana; the legs are spread wide apart, the feet are turned out as for Trikonasana and the arms are stretched out sideways. One knee is bent to a right angle and the hand on that side is placed on the floor just behind the foot. The upper arm is then stretched in line with the body straight out, above the ear. [4] [5]
Ardha Matsyendrasana I, a commonly practised half form of the pose For Ardha Matsyendrasana I, sit with one leg bent on the ground, the foot tucked in close to the body, and cross the other leg over across the body, the knee raised and bent, and the foot on the ground by the outside of the other leg.
The name of the pose is from Sanskrit मरीचि Marichi, the name of a sage in Hindu mythology, and आसन, āsana, meaning posture or seat. [1] The pose is not found in medieval hatha yoga texts, but is described in Krishnamacharya's 1934 Yoga Makaranda and in the teaching of his pupils, B. K. S. Iyengar and Pattabhi Jois. [1] [2]