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An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer. [4] This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s, [ 5 ] when the term oncornaviruses was used to denote their RNA virus origin. [ 6 ]
A major obstacle to the success of oncolytic viruses is the patient immune system which naturally attempts to deactivate any virus. This can be a particular problem for intravenous injection, where the virus must first survive interactions with the blood complement and neutralising antibodies. [42]
A number of viruses named oncoviruses cause cancer. These are mainly human papilloma virus causing cervical carcinoma, and Epstein-Barr virus causing B cell lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Kaposi sarcoma virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus cause skin cancers. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causes T cell leukemias.
Herpesviruses also cause cancer in animals, especially leukemias and lymphomas. [13] Human T cell lymphotropic virus was the first human retrovirus discovered by Robert Gallo and colleagues at NIH. [20] The virus causes Adult T-cell leukemia, a disease first described by Takatsuki and colleagues in Japan [21] and other neurological diseases ...
The first link between miRNA and the growth of cancer was reported in 2002 when researchers observed a down-regulation of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. [6] The term is a portmanteau, derived from "oncogenic" + "miRNA", coined by Scott M. Hammond in a 2006 paper characterizing OncomiR-1. [1]
The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. Figure 1: Hepatitis-B virions. Viral transformation can occur both naturally and medically. Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and T-cell Leukemia virus type I.
Further research done later on by others showed that RSV was a type of retrovirus.It was found that the v-Src gene in RSV is required for the formation of cancer. [3]A function for Src tyrosine kinases in normal cell growth was first demonstrated with the binding of family member p56lck to the cytoplasmic tail of the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors on T-cells. [4]
Cancer virus refers to: An oncovirus, a virus that can cause cancer. Also generally the role of viruses in carcinogenesis. On the other hand to an oncolytic virus, ...